Books

Applied Cryptography by Bruce Schneier:

This book is probably the best introduction you will find to cryptography. It starts with a well written and easily understandable description of cryptographic protocols and key management. The following review of cryptographic algorithms has an "admittedly" lean section on number theory. However, this is followed by an exceptionally comprehensive review of block and stream ciphers, pseudo-random number generators, hash functions, public key algorithms and key exchange algorithms. The final section briefly describes some specific cryptographic systems and the politics surrounding cryptography in general.

Cryptography & Network Security by William Stallings:

This award winning text book covers historical and modern cryptography. It covers a wide range of topics such as: symmetric algorithms, public key cryptography, hash algorithms, MAC algorithms, digital signatures and authentication protocols.   Also, as its name implies Network Security issues such as e-mail security, local and internet security, hackers, viruses, worms and firewalls.

Elliptic Curves in Cryptography by G. Seroussi, et al:

If you want to write cryptographic algorithms, this is a good book to have. The text is clear, current and concise. You start with the basics, a review of groups, finite field arithmetic and arithmetic on an Elliptic Curve; for both Odd Characteristic curves and Characteristic Two. From there you move on to how to determine the order of a group, Schoof's Algorithm and generating curves with Complex Multiplication. Hyperelliptic Curves are briefly discussed at the end of the book.

Handbook of Applied Cryptography by Alfred J. Menezes, et al:

The "Handbook of Applied Cryptography" supplies a detailed and comprehensive description of all but the most recent cryptographic algorithms, protocols and issues. Thankfully, this book contains more pros than the typical mathematical handbook without sacrificing completeness.

ICSA Guide to Cryptography by Randall K. Nichols:

Implementing Elliptic Curve Cryptography by Michael Rosing:

A very popular introduction to Elliptic Curve Cryptography. The author takes the time to clearly explain Elliptic curve mathematics and Protocols for both Odd Characteristic curves and Characteristic Two. The numerous "C" code examples form a simple EC library from large integer math to ECDSA signatures and more.  This is a book targeted at engineers and intentionally avoids the concise descriptions and notation mathematicians may be used to.

Secrets and Lies by Bruce Schneier:

When you're ready to step back, look at the big picture, and have some fun try "Secrets and Lies" You'll practice putting yourself into the criminals shoes to search for weaknesses in hardware, software and wetware.

Smart Card Handbook by W. Rankl, W. Effing(Translator):

The Smart Card Handbook starts with a description of the history of Smart Cards and describes various types of Smart Cards. After the introduction you'll read about Smart Card communication, security, instructions and quality control.  The Smart Card Handbook finishes by covering Smart Card manufacturing, terminals and electronic payment systems.